PHENYLACETYLGLUTAMINATE (PAG or PG) and PHENYLACETATE (PN) are metabolites of PHENYLBUTYRATE (PB) and are constituents of antineoplaston AS2-1
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Antineoplastons AS2-1 and AS2-5 are DERIVED FROM A10
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AS2-1 = 4:1 mixture of PHENYLACETIC ACID (PA) and PHENYLACETYLGLUTAMINE (PAG or PG)
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Antineoplaston AS2-5 = PHENYLACETYLGLUTAMINE (PAG or PG)
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National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Antineoplastons
General Information: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page2
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http://www.burzynskiclinic.com/scientific-publications.html
Review Articles on Clinical Trials:
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1. 3/2004
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Burzynski, S.R. The Present State of Antineoplaston Research. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2004;3:47-58.
Click to access 994.pdf
Volume 3 Number 1 March 2004
DOI: 10.1177/1534735403261964
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Pg. 48
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Antineoplaston A2, which contributed to the highest number of complete responses in phase I clinical studies, was elected for final purification, isolation of active components, and structure determination.
Active ingredient identified as:
3-phenylacetylamino-2, 6-piperidinedione
and was named
antineoplaston A10. [27]
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27. Burzynski SR, Hendry LB, Mohabbat MO, et al. Purification of structure determination, synthesis and animal toxicity studies of antineoplaston A10. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Chemotherapy. Vienna, Austria; 1983:17, PS. 12.4 11-4.
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A10 has been reproduced by synthesis involving condensation of:
1-glutamine
with
phenylacetyl chloride
and subsequent cyclization of
phenylacetylglutamine (PG). [28]
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28. Burzynski SR, Hai TT. Antineoplaston A10. Drugs of the Future. 1985;10:103-105.
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Metabolism of A10 in human body yields:
phenylacetylglutamine (PG)
phenylacetylisoglutamine (isoPG)
phenylacetate (PN)
which were reproduced synthetically and formulated into:
antineoplaston
A10 injections (A10-I)
AS2-1
AS5
AS-25
[29-33]
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29. Burzynski SR. Synthetic antineoplastons and analogs. Drugs of the Future. 1986;11:679-688.
30. Burzynski SR, Mohabbat MO, Lee SS. Preclinical studies of antineoplaston AS1-1 and antineoplaston AS2-5. Drugs Exptl Clin Res. 1986;12(suppl 1):11-16.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3743376/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3743376/
31. Burzynski SR, Khalid M. Antineoplaston A10 injections. Drugs of the Future. 1986;11:364-365.
32. Burzynski SR, Khalid M. Antineoplaston AS2-1. Drugs of the Future. 1986;11:361-363.
33. Burzynski SR. Antineoplaston AS2-5.. Annual Drug Data Report. 1986;8-319.
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These formulations were submitted for basic research and phase I clinical studies. [34-44]
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34. Burzynski SR, Mohabbat MO, Burzynski B. Animal toxicology studies on oral formulation of antineoplaston A10. Drug Exptl Clin Res. 1984;10:113-118.
35. Burzynski SR. Phase I clinical studies of antineoplaston AS2-5 injections. In: Ishigami J, ed. Recent Advances in Chemotherapy. Tokyo, Japan: University of Tokyo Press; 1985.
36. Burzynski SR, Burzynski B, Mohabbat MO. Toxicology studies of antineoplaston AS 2-1 injections in cancer patients. Drugs Exptl Clin Res. 1986;12(suppl 1):25-35.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3743378/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3743378/
37. Burzynski SR, Kubove E. Toxicology studies of antineoplaston A10 injections in cancer patients. Drugs Exptl Clin Res. 1986;12(suppl 1):47-55.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3743380/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3743380/
38. Lehner AF, Burzynski SR, Hendry LB. 3-phenylacetylamino-2,6-piperidinedione, a naturally-occurring peptide analog with apparent antineoplastic activity may bind to DNA. Drugs Exptl Clin Res. 1986;12(suppl 1):57-72.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3743381/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3743381/
39. Ashraf AQ, Liau MC, Mohabbat MO, et al. Preclinical studies of antineoplaston A10 injections. Drugs Exptl Clin Res. 1986;12(suppl 1):37-45.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3743379/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3743379/
40. Ashraf AQ, Liau MC, Kampalath BN, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of radioactive antineoplaston A10 following oral administration in rats. Drugs Exptl Clin Res. 1987;13(suppl 1):45-50.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3569015/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3569015/
41. Hendry LB, Muldoon TG, Burzynski SR et al. Stereochemical modeling studies of the interaction of Antineoplaston A10 with DNA. Drugs Exptl Clin Res. 1987;13(suppl 1):77-81.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3569020/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3569020/
42. Ashraf AQ, Burzynski SR. Comparative study of antineoplaston A10 levels in plasma of healthy people and cancer patients. Adv Exptl Clin Chemother. 1988;2:19-28.
43. Ashraf AQ, Kampalath BN, Burzynski SR. Pharmacokinetic analysis of antineoplaston A10 injections following intravenous administration in rats. Adv Exptl Clin Chemother. 1988;6:33-39.
44. Burzynski SR, Kubove E, Burzynski B. Phase I clinical studies of oral formulation of antineoplaston AS2-1. Adv Exptl Clin Chemother. 1988;2:29-36.
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A10
A10-I
AS2-1
were selected for phase II studies.
2 initial phase II studies in
ASTROCYTOMA
and
HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA
began in
1988
and
1990
and were conducted outside investigational new drug (IND) process.
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Since 1994 the FDA authorized 74 phase II studies with
A10
A10-I
AS2-1
under INDs
43,742
22,029
in advanced malignancies.
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Pg. 49
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Phenylacetate (PN)
is active ingredient of
antineoplaston AS2-1.
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Phenylglutamine (PG)
is main ingredient of
A10-I.
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Phenylglutamine (PG) exhibits antineoplastic activity across wide array of cancer cell lines.
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Phenylglutamine (PG)
inhibits uptake of growth-critical amino acids, such as:
1-glutamine
and
1-leucine
in neoplastic cells.
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Reduction in amino acid availability may contribute to drug’s antineoplastic activity.
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Human glioma (U-87) cells rapidly take up Phenylglutamine (PG) by mechanism similar to facilitated diffusion.
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Upon removal of Phenylglutamine (PG) from media, PG rapidly and completely effluxes from the cell.
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Phenylglutamine (PG)
enters cells via stereospecific amino acid transporters for
1-glutamine.
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Formulations of
Antineoplastons:
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Antineoplastons
are a class of 12 antitumor agents.
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Following synthetic antineoplaston formulations used in phase II studies.
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Antineoplaston A10
capsules contain 500 mg of
3-phenylacetylamino-2, 6-piperidinedione.
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Antineoplaston A10 injection
is mixture of sodium salts of
Phenylglutamine (PG)
and
Phenylacetylisoglutamine (isoPG)
in 4:1 ratio.
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Available in 500 mL and 1000 mL (300 mg/mL) plastic bags.
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Antineoplaston AS2-1
capsules containing 500 mg of 4:1
Phenylacetate (PN)
and
Phenylglutamine (PG).
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Antineoplaston AS2-1 injection
is mixture of
Phenylacetate (PN)
and
Phenylglutamine (PG)
in 4:1 ratio.
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Available in 250 mL (80 mg/mL) plastic bags.
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Interim Reports on Clinial Trials:
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18. 6/2005
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INTEGRATIVE CANCER THERAPIES
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BT-12
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CHILDREN WITH PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS (PNET)
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CAN-01
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CAN-1
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PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY MALIGNANCIES
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Burzynski, S.R., Weaver, R.A., Janicki, T., Szymkowski, B., Jurida, G., Khan, M., Dolgopolov, V.
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Long-term survival of high-risk pediatric patients with PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMALTUMORS treated with Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911929
Integrative Cancer Therapies 2005;4(2):168-177
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15911929
Integr Cancer Ther. 2005 Jun;4(2):168-77
Click to access 1220.pdf
DOI: 10.1177/1534735405276835
http://m.ict.sagepub.com/content/4/2/168.long?view=long&pmid=15911929
Antineoplastons (ANP) A10 and AS2-1, which are synthetic analogs of naturally occurring derivatives of glutamine, isoglutamine, and phenylacetic acid, have shown an increasing spectrum of activity in primary brain tumors. [1]
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Review Articles on Clinical Trials:
�
1. 3/2004
�
Burzynski, S.R. The Present State of Antineoplaston Research. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2004;3:47-58.
Click to access 994.pdf
Volume 3 Number 1 March 2004
DOI: 10.1177/1534735403261964
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IV. Aetna considers SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE medically necessary for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and malignant glioma
http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/200_299/0240.html
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The FDA has approved SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE as a treatment to remove ammonia from the bloodstream in individuals with urea cycle disorders
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SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE was given an orphan drug designation by the FDA for use as an adjunct to surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy for treatment of individuals with primary or recurrent malignant glioma
http://www.anthem.com/medicalpolicies/policies/mp_pw_a050524.htm
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Cumulative List of all Products that have received Orphan Designation: Total active designations: 2002 Effecive: (sic – Effective:) 5/5/2009
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/forindustry/developingproductsforrarediseasesconditions/howtoapplyfororphanproductdesignation/ucm162066.xls
PHENYLBUTYRATE (PB) and SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE are listed alphabetically in the lower 1/4th of this document
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Sodium Phenylbutyrate (PB)
Year – Pubmed (110 entries)
1958 1st entry
1995 1st clinical trial
2001 Phase 1
2009 Phase 2
2012 Phase 3
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Phenylacetate (PN)
Year – Pubmed (29,686 entries)
1883 1st entry
1994 Phase 1
1999 Phase 2
2013 latest
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Antineoplaston(s)
Year – Pubmed (88 entries)
1976 1st entry
1986 Phase 1
1999 Phase 2
2003 Phase 2 preliminary
2004 Phase 2 preliminary
2012 latest
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National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Antineoplastons (PDQ®) Overview:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page1
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/patient
General Information:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page2
History:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page3
Laboratory/Animal/Preclinical Studies:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page4
Human/Clinical Studies:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page5
Adverse Effects:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page6
Summary of the Evidence for Antineoplastons:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page7
Changes to This Summary:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page8
About This PDQ Summary:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/healthprofessional/page9
Questions and Answers About Antineoplastons:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/patient/page2
Current Clinical Trials:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/patient/page3
Changes to This Summary:
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/antineoplastons/patient/page4
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